Layer 2 VPN Architectures: Pseudo-Wire Emulation
Customer Reviews: 1 Average Customer Rating:  Write a Review and tell the world about this title! People who purchase this book frequently purchase: - Definitive MPLS Network Designs; Jim Guichard, et al, $50.50, 22% Off!
- IPSec VPN Design; Vijay Bollapragada, et al, $42.50, 23% Off!
- MPLS and VPN Architectures, Volume II; Jim Guichard, et al, $50.50, 22% Off!
- End-to-End QoS Network Design; Tim Szigeti, et al, $54.50, 22% Off!
Books on similar topics, in best-seller order:Books from the same publisher, in best-seller order:
Master the world of Layer 2 VPNs to provide enhanced services and enjoy productivity
gains
- Learn about Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
-
Reduce costs and extend the reach of your services by unifying your network
architecture
-
Gain from the first book to address Layer 2 VPN application utilizing both
ATOM and L2TP protocols
-
Review strategies that allow large enterprise customers to enhance their service
offerings while maintaining routing control
For a majority of Service Providers, a significant portion of their revenues
are still derived from data and voice services based on legacy transport technologies.
Although Layer 3 MPLS VPNs fulfill the market need for some customers, they
have some drawbacks. Ideally, carriers with existing legacy Layer 2 and Layer
3 networks would like to move toward a single backbone while new carriers would
like to sell the lucrative Layer 2 services over their existing Layer 3 cores.
The solution in these cases is a technology that would allow Layer 2 transport
over a Layer 3 infrastructure.
Layer 2 VPN Architectures introduces readers to Layer 2 Virtual Private Network
(VPN) concepts, and describes Layer 2 VPN techniques via introductory case studies
and comprehensive design scenarios. This book assists readers looking to meet
those requirements by explaining the history and implementation details of the
two technologies available from the Cisco Unified VPN suite: Any Transport over
MPLS (ATOM) for MPLS-based cores and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol version 3 (L2TPv3)
for native IP cores. The structure of this book is focused on first introducing
the reader to Layer 2 VPN benefits and implementation requirements and comparing
them to those of Layer 3 based VPNs, such as MPLS, then progressively covering
each currently available solution in greater detail.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Part I Foundation
Chapter 1 Understanding Layer 2 VPNs
Understanding Traditional VPNs
Legacy Layer 2 VPNs
Layer 3 VPNs
Challenges of Traditional VPNs
Introducing Enhanced Layer 2 VPNs
Summary
Chapter 2 Pseudowire Emulation Framework and Standards
Pseudowire Emulation Overview
Network Reference Model
Protocol Layer and System Architecture
Native Service Processing
Pseudowire Encapsulation Processing
Transporting over the PSN
Setting Up a Pseudowire
Pseudowire Emulation Standardization
IETF Working Groups
Layer 2 VPN Architectures on Pseudowire Emulation
draft-martini
draft-kompella
Other Layer 2 VPN Architectures
Summary
Chapter 3 Layer 2 VPN Architectures
Legacy Layer 2 VPNs
Frame Relay and ATM
Data Link Switching
Virtual Private Dial-Up Network
Any Transport over MPLS Overview
Using Label Stacking in AToM
Layer 2 Protocols Supported by AToM
Deciding Whether to Use AToM
Existing Network Installation Base
Advanced Network Services
Interoperability
Network Operation Complexity
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Version 3 Overview
L2TPv3 Operations
Layer 2 Protocols Supported by L2TPv3
Deciding Whether to Use L2TPv3
Existing Network Installation Base
Advanced Network Services
Interoperability
Network Operation Complexity
Summary
Part II Layer 2 Protocol Primer
Chapter 4 LAN Protocols
Ethernet Background and Encapsulation Overview
Metro Ethernet Overview
Metro Ethernet Service Architectures
Understanding Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning-Tree Operation Overview
Drawbacks of a Spanning-Tree Implementation in Today’s Networks
Pure Layer 2 Implementation
802.1q Tunneling
802.1q and 802.1p Tagging
Understanding How 802.1q Tunneling Works
802.1q Tunneling Guidelines and Restrictions
Summary
Chapter 5 WAN Data-Link Protocols
Introducing HDLC Encapsulation
Introducing PPP Encapsulation
Understanding Frame Relay
Encapsulation
Frame Relay Link Management Interface Protocol
Status Enquiry Message Frame
Status Message Frame
Update Status Message Frame
Comparing Gang of Four LMI with Annex A and Annex D
Managing Traffic
Frame Relay Traffic Policing
Frame Relay Traffic Shaping
Understanding ATM
Encapsulation
ATM Adaptation Layer
ATM Cell Structure
ATM Management Protocols: ILMI and OAM
Managing Traffic
ATM Traffic Policing
ATM Traffic Shaping
Summary
Part III Any Transport over MPLS
Chapter 6 Understanding Any Transport over MPLS
Introducing the Label Distribution Protocol
LDP Protocol Components
Discovery Mechanisms
LDP Basic Discovery
LDP Extended Discovery
Session Establishment
Label Distribution and Management
Label Binding
LDP Advertisement Message
Label Advertisement Mode
Label Distribution Control Mode
Label Retention Mode
LDP Security
Understanding AToM Operations
Pseudowire Label Binding
Establishing AToM Pseudowires
Control Word Negotiation
Using Sequence Numbers
Pseudowire Encapsulation
ATM
Frame Relay
HDLC
PPP
Ethernet
Summary
Chapter 7 LAN Protocols over MPLS Case Studies
Understanding Ethernet over MPLS Technology
EoMPLS Label Stack
Packet Format
MTU Size Requirements
Supported VC Types
Label Imposition
Label Disposition
EoMPLS Transport Case Studies
Case Study 7-1: Router to Router—Port Based
Configuring Port Transparency
Verifying and Troubleshooting Port Transparency Operation
Case Study 7-2: Router to Router—VLAN Based
Configuring VLAN-Based EoMPLS on PE Routers
Configuring VLAN-Based EoMPLS on CE Routers
Verifying and Troubleshooting the Configuration
Case Study 7-3: VLAN Rewrite
Case Study 7-4: Switch to Switch—VLAN Based
Configuring VLAN-Based EoMPLS on PEs
Configuring VLAN-Based EoMPLS on the CE Switches
Verifying and Troubleshooting the Configuration
Case Study 7-5: Switch to Switch—Port Based
Configuring Port-Based EoMPLS on the SanFran Switch
Configuring Port-Based EoMPLS on the NewYork Switch
Case Study 7-6: VLAN Rewrite in Cisco 12000 Series Routers
Verifying and Troubleshooting the Configuration
Port VLAN ID Inconsistency Issue
Case Study 7-7: Map to Pseudowire
Common Troubleshooting Techniques
Troubleshooting EoMPLS on Routers
Debugging EoMPLS Operation on PE Routers
Troubleshooting EoMPLS on Switches
Summary
Chapter 8 WAN Protocols over MPLS Case Studies
Setting Up WAN over MPLS Pseudowires
Control Plane
Pseudowire Types Used
Data Plane Encapsulation
Usage of the Control Word
MTU Requirements
Introducing WAN Protocols over MPLS
HDLC over MPLS
PPP over MPLS
Frame Relay over MPLS
ATM over MPLS
Encapsulations and Packet Format for AAL5 Transport
Encapsulations and Packet Format for Cell Transport
Configuring WAN Protocols over MPLS Case Studies
Case Study 8-1: HDLC over MPLS
Configuring HDLCoMPLS
Verifying HDLCoMPLS
Troubleshooting HDLCoMPLS
Case Study 8-2: PPP over MPLS
Configuring PPPoMPLS
Verifying and Troubleshooting PPPoMPLS
Case Study 8-3: Frame Relay DLCI over MPLS
Configuring Frame Relay DLCI over MPLS
Verifying and Troubleshooting Frame Relay DLCI over MPLS
Case Study 8-4: ATM AAL5 SDU over MPLS
Configuring AAL5oMPLS
Verifying and Troubleshooting AAL5oMPLS
Case Study 8-5: ATM Cell over MPLS
Configuring CRoMPLS
Verifying CRoMPLS
Advanced WAN AToM Case Studies
Case Study 8-6: Decoding LDP Label Mapping and Pseudowire ID FEC Elements
Case Study 8-7: AToM Hardware Capabilities
Case Study 8-8: Packed Cell Relay over MPLS
Configuring Cell Packing
Verifying Cell Packing Configuration and Operation
Case Study 8-9: Understanding Different ATM Transfer Modes
AAL5 CPCS-SDU Mode
Single Cell Relay Mode
Packed Cell Relay Mode
Summary
Chapter 9 Advanced AToM Case Studies
Load Sharing
Case Study 9-1: Unequal-Cost Multipath
Case Study 9-2: Equal-Cost Multipath
Preferred Path
Case Study 9-3: Configuring Preferred Path Using IP Routing
Case Study 9-4: Configuring a Preferred Path Using MPLS Traffic Engineering
Tunnels
Case Study 9-5: Protecting AToM Pseudowires with MPLS Traffic Engineering
Fast Reroute
Case Study 9-6: Configuring AToM Pseudowire over GRE Tunnel
Pseudowire Emulation in Multi-AS Networks
Case Study 9-7: Interconnecting Pseudowires with Dedicated Circuits
Case Study 9-8: BGP IPv4 Label Distribution with IGP Redistribution
Case Study 9-9: BGP IPv4 Label Distribution with IBGP Peering
Case Study 9-10: Configuring LDP Authentication for Pseudowire Signaling
Verifying Pseudowire Data Connectivity
Case Study 9-11: Advertising the VCCV Capability
Case Study 9-12: Verifying Data Plane Connectivity
Quality of Service in AToM
Case Study 9-13: Traffic Marking
Case Study 9-14: Traffic Policing
Case Study 9-15: Queuing and Shaping
Case Study 9-16: Intermediate Markings
Case Study 9-17: Layer 2–Specific Matching and Setting
Ethernet over MPLS QoS
Frame Relay over MPLS QoS
ATM over MPLS QoS
Summary
Part IV Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3
Chapter 10 Understanding L2TPv3
Universal Transport Interface: L2TPv3’s Predecessor
Introducing L2TPv3
L2TPv3 Data Encapsulation
Packet-Switched Network Layer
Demultiplexing Sublayer
Encapsulation Sublayer
L2TPv3 Control Connection
Control Message Encapsulation
L2TPv3 Control Channel Signaling
Summary
Chapter 11 LAN Protocols over L2TPv3 Case Studies
Introducing the L2TPv3 Configuration Syntax
xconnect Command Syntax
pseudowire-class Command Syntax
l2tp-class Command Syntax
LAN Protocols over L2TPv3 Case Studies
Case Study 11-1: Ethernet Port-to-Port Manual Session
Ethernet Port-to-Port Manual Configuration
Verifying Ethernet Port-to-Port Manual Session
Ethernet Port-to-Port L2TPv3 Data Plane Details
Case Study 11-2: Ethernet Port-to-Port Manual Session with Keepalive
Ethernet Port-to-Port Manual Session with Keepalive Configuration
Ethernet Port-to-Port Manual Session with Keepalive Verification
Ethernet Port-to-Port Manual Session with Keepalive Control Plane Details
Case Study 11-3: Ethernet Port-to-Port Dynamic Session
Ethernet Port-to-Port Dynamic Configuration
Ethernet Port-to-Port Dynamic Session Verification
Ethernet Port-to-Port Dynamic Session Control Plane Details
Case Study 11-4: Ethernet VLAN-to-VLAN Dynamic Session
Ethernet VLAN-to-VLAN Dynamic Configuration
Ethernet VLAN-to-VLAN Dynamic Session Verification
Ethernet VLAN-to-VLAN Dynamic Session Control Plane Details
Ethernet VLAN-to-VLAN Frame Encapsulation
Summary
Chapter 12 WAN Protocols over L2TPv3 Case Studies
WAN Protocols over L2TPv3 Technology Overview
Control Plane
Data Plane
Using the Layer 2-Specific Sublayer
MTU Considerations
HDLC and PPP over L2TPv3
Frame Relay over L2TPv3
ATM over L2TPv3
Configuring WAN Protocols over L2TPv3 Case Studies
Case Study 12-1: HDLC over L2TPv3 with Static Session
Configuring HDLCoL2TPv3
Verifying HDLCoL2TPv3
Data Plane Details
Case Study 12-2: PPP over L2TPv3 with Dynamic Session
Configuring PPPoL2TPv3
Verifying PPPoL2TPv3
Control Plane Negotiation
Data Plane Details
Case Study 12-3: Frame Relay DLCI over L2TPv3 with Dynamic Session
Configuring FRoL2TPv3
Verifying FRoL2TPv3
Data Plane Details
Case Study 12-4: AAL5 SDU over L2TPv3 with Dynamic Session
Configuring AAL5_SDUoL2TPv3 with Dynamic Session
Verifying AAL5_SDUoL2TPv3
Control Plane Details
Data Plane Details
Case Study 12-5: ATM Cell Relay over L2TPv3 with Dynamic Session
Configuring ATM_CRoL2TPv3 with Dynamic Session
Verifying ATM_CRoL2TPv3
Cell Relay Details
Summary
Chapter 13 Advanced L2TPv3 Case Studies
Case Study 13-1: L2TPv3 Path MTU Discovery
The Problem: MTU and Fragmentation with L2TPv3
The Solution: Path MTU Discovery
Understanding PMTUD
Implementing PMTUD
Combining PMTUD with DF Bit
Advanced ATM Transport over L2TPv3
Case Study 13-2: ATM OAM Emulation
Case Study 13-3: ATM Cell Packing
Quality of Service
Case Study 13-4: Traffic Marking
ToS Setting
ToS Reflection
MQC IP Precedence or DSCP Setting
Case Study 13-5: Traffic Policing
Case Study 13-6: Queuing and Shaping
Case Study 13-7: Layer 2-Specific Matching and Setting
Summary
Part V Additional Layer 2 VPN Architectures
Chapter 14 Layer 2 Interworking and Local Switching
Layer 2 Interworking Technology Overview
Bridged Interworking
Routed Interworking
Interworking MTU Considerations
Layer 2 Interworking Case Studies
Ethernet (Bridged) Interworking Case Studies
Case Study 14-1: Ethernet-to-VLAN Using AToM
Case Study 14-2: Ethernet-to-VLAN Using L2TPv3
Case Study 14-3: ATM AAL5-to-VLAN Using AToM
Ethernet-VLAN IW Switch Environment Considerations
Routed Interworking
Case Study 14-4: Frame Relay-to-VLAN Using AToM
Case Study 14-5: Frame Relay-to-PPP Using L2TPv3
Case Study 14-6: IP L2-Transport MTU Considerations
Case Study 14-7: Frame Relay-to-ATM Interworking Best Practices
Layer 2 Local Switching
Case Study 14-8: Frame Relay-to-Frame Relay Local Switching
Case Study 14-9: ATM-to-ATM Local Switching
Case Study 14-10: Ethernet-to-Ethernet Local Switching
Layer 2 Local Switching with Interworking
Case Study 14-11: Ethernet-to-VLAN Local Switching
Case Study 14-12: ATM Attachment Circuits and Local Switching
Understanding Advanced Interworking and Local Switching
connect Command
Encapsulation
Encapsulation 1: Ethernet-to-VLAN Local Switching Ethernet IW
Encapsulation 2: Frame Relay-to-VLAN IP IW Using AToM
Encapsulation 3: VLAN-to-Ethernet Bridged IW Using L2TPv3
Encapsulation 4: Frame Relay-to-PPP IP-IW Using L2TPv3
Summary
Chapter 15 Virtual Private LAN Service
Understanding VPLS Fundamentals
Service Definitions
Virtual Switch
VPLS Forwarding and Flooding
VPLS Signaling
VPLS Deployment Models
Basic Topologic Models
Full Mesh
Hub and Spoke
Partial Mesh
Hierarchical VPLS
Hierarchical VPLS with MPLS Access Network
Hierarchical VPLS with QinQ Access Network
VPLS Redundancy
VPLS Configuration Case Studies
Case Study 15-1: Basic Configuration
Configuring Attachment Circuit
Configuring VFI
Associating Attachment Circuits to the VFI
Configuration Example
Case Study 15-2: Per-VLAN MAC Address Limiting
Case Study 15-3: Quality of Service
Case Study 15-4: Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling
Case Study 15-5: Multihoming
Summary
Appendix L2TPv3 AVP Attribute Types
Index
About the Authors
Wei Luo is a software engineer for Cisco Systems, Inc. He has
lead the design and development of VPLS and AToM at Cisco, as well as several
other Layer 2 VPN software projects.
Carlos Pignataro, CCIE No. 4619, is a senior engineer on the
Escalation Team for Cisco Systems, Inc. He is responsible for handling difficult
and complex escalations, and working on critical or stalled defects, as well
as providing input on and testing new products and developments to improve their
reliability, availability, and serviceability. Carlos has a B.S. and M.S. in
electronic engineering and is an active speaker at Networkers conventions.
Anthony Chan, CCIE No. 10,266, is a Network Design Consultant
for Cisco Systems.
Dmitry Bokotey, CCIE No. 4460, holds CCIE certifications in
Routing and Switching, ISP Dial, and Security. A senior solution consultant
with Cisco Systems, Dmitry is responsible for the design and configuration of
complex telecom and CLEC/ILEC customer networks.
Customer Reviews
Customer Reviews: 1 Average Customer Rating: May 24, 2005 David from Richardson, TX
Layer 2 VPN Architectures
For any person involved with designing or maintaining L2 VPNS Layer 2 VPN Architectures is a must. While I must admit that I use most of my books as reference, this book is an easy read for those persons who are trying to learn the various L2 VPNS options available. The book begins with a background of VPN architectures and follows with a background and overview of the different Layer 2 protocols. An in depth discussion of AtoM, Anything over MPLS, L2TPv3 and VPLS are presented to the reader. The authors use case studies to fully explain the technology to the reader. Each case study builds on the other making for a very logical flow of each technology, including configuration examples and screen shots for a clearer explanation. The configuration examples and illustrations are numerous making this a great reference book as well as a learning tool. Each of the three parts starts with a basic configuration and then slowly builds to a more complex example. As mentioned, the screen shots and the configuration snippets make it very easy to go from one case study to the next. The authors go to great links to explain all the command options and parameters. This assists the reader in obtaining a clearer understanding of the objective. For the discussions on AToM and L2TPv3 the authors include the LAN and WAN protocols that can be transported over the two technologies. They give the reader an in-depth understanding of the command options available as well as why they should be used. As a Cisco instructor this book has been very valuable in adding to the Service Provider oriented classes I teach. Anyone involved with MetroEthernet should read this book, as it will present all the technological options available. It will also help them in tuning their network. If you have aspirations on achieving a CCIE in the Service Provider space this book is a definite read for the Service Provider MES Written. Overall I would rate this book a 5. I have a bookshelf full of Cisco Press books and this is one of the better ones I have.
|
