Innovation Happens Elsewhere: Open Source as Business Strategy
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It's a plain fact: regardless of how smart, creative, and innovative your organization
is, there are more smart, creative, and innovative people outside your organization
than inside. Open source offers the possibility of bringing more innovation into
your business by building a creative community that reaches beyond the barriers
of the business. The key is developing a web-driven community where new types
of collaboration and creativity can flourish. Since 1998 Ron Goldman and Richard
Gabriel have been helping groups at Sun Microsystems understand open source and
advising them on how to build successful communities around open source projects.
In this book the authors present lessons learned from their own experiences with
open source, as well as those from other well-known projects such as Linux, Apache,
and Mozilla.
- Describes how open source development works and offers persuasive reasons
for using it to help achieve business goals.
- Shows how to use open source in day-to-day work, discusses the various
licenses in use, and describes what makes for a successful project.
- Written in an engaging style for executives, managers, and engineers that
addresses the human and business issues involved in open source development
as well as its history, philosophy, and future.
"Innovation Happens Elsewhere is at least as important for those who have
no interest in software as those who do, because in the details of the history
and practice of the open source community lie clues to the institutional adaptations
of the information economy; in the clauses of the various software licenses
lie the case law that will come to define property in the information age. There
are other books that have a great deal to say about this evolution, but none
combines the personal experience and inside-out insight to be gained from the
engagement of Ron Goldman and Richard Gabriel in so many flesh-and-blood open
source projects and the development of the structures that have supported them."—from
the foreword by Chris Meyer, Monitor Group
Table of Contents
Foreword by Chris Meyer, Monitor Group
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
Open Source: A Different Way Of Doing Business
Innovation Happens Elsewhere
Jumping In
Understanding Open Source
Communities
Who This Book Is Intended For
Who Else This Book Is Intended For
2. Innovation Happens Elsewhere
Open Source Is A Commons
Can The Commons Make A Difference?
The Commons And Software
Open Versus Closed
Use Of The Commons: Creativity & Conversations
Innovation Happens Elsewhere
3. What Is Open Source?
Open Source In Brief
Philosophical Tenets Of Open Source
Open Source And Agile Methodologies
Common Open Source Myths, Misconceptions & Questions
Open Source And Community
The Secret Of Why Open Source Works
Variations On Open Source: Gated Communities And Internal Open Source
Open Source: Why Do They Do It?
4. Why Consider Open Source?
Business Reasons For Choosing To Open Source Your Code
Creating Your Business Model And Following Through With It
Measuring Success
An Example: The Innovation Happens Elsewhere Strategy
Business Reasons For Using Open Source Products
5. Licenses
What The License Does
What The License Does Not Do
More On Copyright
And A Quick Word On Patents
The Licenses
Dual Licensing
Supplementing The License—Contributor Agreements
Licenses For Documentation
6. How To Do Open Source Development
The Infrastructure Needed For An Open Source Project
Software Lifecycle
Building A Community
Ending An Open Source Project
Joining An Existing Open Source Project
Open Source Within A Company
7. Going With Open Source
Deciding To Do Open Source
How To Prepare To Do Open Source At Your Company
Getting Approval From Your Company
Problems You Can Expect To Encounter
8. How To Build Momentum
Marketing Your Project
Focus On Your Users And Contributors
Community Outreach
Harvesting Innovation
Welcome The Unexpected
9. What To Avoid—Known Problems And Failures
Not Understanding Open Source
Don't Needlessly Duplicate An Existing Effort
Licensing Issues
Design Issues
Code Issues
Trying To Control Too Much
Marketing Issues
Tension Between An Open Source Project And The Rest Of Your Company
Community Issues
Lack Of Resources
Recovering From Mistakes
10. Closing Thoughts
Appendix A: Resources
Further Reading
Websites Of Interest
Tools
Licenses
Appendix B: Licenses
Apache Software License
Artistic License
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)
FreeBSD Documentation License
GNU Free Documentation License (FDL)
GNU General Public License (GPL)
GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
IBM Common Public License (CPL)
Microsoft Shared Source License For Windows CE .NET
MIT Or X License
Mozilla Public License (MPL)
Open Publication License
Sun Community Source License (SCSL)
Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL)
Sun Public Documentation License (PDL)
Appendix C: Contributor Agreements
Apache Contributor Agreement
Free Software Foundation Copyright Assignment Form
Mozilla Contributor Assignment
OpenOffice.Org Contributor Assignment
Project JXTA Contributor Assignment
Appendix D: Article From XML.Com
About the Authors
Ron Goldman received a PhD in Computer Science from Stanford
University in 1983. He has worked on programming language design, programming
environments, user interface design, and data visualization. He has been working
with open source since hacking on gdb at Lucid, Inc. back in 1992. Since 1998
he has been helping groups at Sun Microsystems understand open source and advising
them on how to build successful communities around their open source projects.
He currently is a researcher at Sun Microsystems Laboratories in California
Richard P. Gabriel received a PhD in Computer Science from Stanford
University in 1981, and an MFA in Poetry from Warren Wilson College in 1998.
He has been a researcher at Stanford University, company president and Chief
Technical Officer at Lucid, Inc., vice president of Development at ParcPlace-Digitalk,
a management consultant for several startups, and Consulting Professor of Computer
Science at Stanford University. He currently is a researcher at Sun Microsystems
Laboratories in California.
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