High Performance Linux Clusters with OSCAR, Rocks, OpenMosix, and MPI View Larger Image | Joseph D Sloan
O'Reilly Media, Paperback, Published November 2004, 350 pages, ISBN 0596005709 | List Price: $39.95
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To the outside world, a "supercomputer" appears to be a single system.
In fact, it's a cluster of computers that share a local area network and have
the ability to work together on a single problem as a team. Many businesses used
to consider supercomputing beyond the reach of their budgets, but new Linux applications
have made high-performance clusters more affordable than ever. These days, the
promise of low-cost supercomputing is one of the main reasons many businesses
choose Linux over other operating systems.
This new guide covers everything a newcomer to clustering will need to plan,
build, and deploy a high-performance Linux cluster. The book focuses on clustering
for high-performance computation, although much of its information also applies
to clustering for high-availability (failover and disaster recovery). The book
discusses the key tools you'll need to get started, including good practices
to use while exploring the tools and growing a system. You'll learn about planning,
hardware choices, bulk installation of Linux on multiple systems, and other
basic considerations. Then, you'll learn about software options that can save
you hours--or even weeks--of deployment time.
Since a wide variety of options exist in each area of clustering software,
the author discusses the pros and cons of the major free software projects and
chooses those that are most likely to be helpful to new cluster administrators
and programmers. A few of the projects introduced in the book include:
* MPI, the most popular programming library for clusters. This book offers
simple but realistic introductory examples along with some pointers for advanced
use.
* OSCAR and Rocks, two comprehensive installation and administrative systems
* openMosix (a convenient tool for distributing jobs), Linux kernel extensions
that migrate processes transparently for load balancing
* PVFS, one of the parallel filesystems that make clustering I/O easier
* C3, a set of commands for administering multiple systems
Ganglia, OpenPBS, and cloning tools (Kickstart, SIS and G4U) are also covered.
The book looks at cluster installation packages (OSCAR & Rocks) and then
considers the core packages individually for greater depth or for folks wishing
to do a custom installation. Guidelines for debugging, profiling, performance
tuning, and managing jobs from multiple users round out this immensely useful
book.
Table of Contents
Preface
Part I. An Introduction to Clusters
1. Cluster Architecture
Modern Computing and the Role of Clusters
Types of Clusters
Distributed Computing and Clusters
Limitations
My Biases
2. Cluster Planning
Design Steps
Determining Your Cluster's Mission
Architecture and Cluster Software
Cluster Kits
CD-ROM-Based Clusters
Benchmarks
3. Cluster Hardware
Design Decisions
Environment
4. Linux for Clusters
Installing Linux
Configuring Services
Cluster Security
Part II. Getting Started Quickly
5. openMosix
What is openMosix?
How openMosix Works
Selecting an Installation Approach
Installing a Precompiled Kernel
Using openMosix
Recompiling the Kernel
Is openMosix Right for You?
6. OSCAR
Why OSCAR?
What's in OSCAR
Installing OSCAR
Security and OSCAR
Using switcher
Using LAM/MPI with OSCAR
7. Rocks
Installing Rocks
Managing Rocks
Using MPICH with Rocks
Part III. Building Custom Clusters
8. Cloning Systems
Configuring Systems
Automating Installations
Notes for OSCAR and Rocks Users
9. Programming Software
Programming Languages
Selecting a Library
LAM/MPI
MPICH
Other Programming Software
Notes for OSCAR Users
Notes for Rocks Users
10. Management Software
C3
Ganglia
Notes for OSCAR and Rocks Users
11. Scheduling Software
OpenPBS
Notes for OSCAR and Rocks Users
12. Parallel Filesystems
PVFS
Using PVFS
Notes for OSCAR and Rocks Users
Part IV. Cluster Programming
13. Getting Started with MPI
MPI
A Simple Problem
An MPI Solution
I/O with MPI
Broadcast Communications
14. Additional MPI Features
More on Point-to-Point Communication
More on Collective Communication
Managing Communicators
Packaging Data
15. Designing Parallel Programs
Overview
Problem Decomposition
Mapping Tasks to Processors
Other Considerations
16. Debugging Parallel Programs
Debugging and Parallel Programs
Avoiding Problems
Programming Tools
Rereading Code
Tracing with printf
Symbolic Debuggers
Using gdb and ddd with MPI
Notes for OSCAR and Rocks Users
17. Profiling Parallel Programs
Why Profile?
Writing and Optimizing Code
Timing Complete Programs
Timing C Code Segments
Profilers
MPE
Customized MPE Logging
Notes for OSCAR and Rocks Users
Part V. Appendix
References
Books
URLs
Index
About the Author
Joseph D. Sloan has been working with computers since the mid-1970s. He began
using Unix as a graduate student in 1981, first as an applications programmer
and later as a system programmer and system administrator. Since 1988 he has
taught mathematics and computer science at Lander University. He also manages
the networking computer laboratory at Lander, where he can usually be found
testing and using the software tools described in this book.
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