View Larger Image	Craig Hunt O'Reilly Media, Paperback, 3rd edition, Published April 2002, 725 pages, ISBN 0596002971
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• Networking/Communications : TCP/IP

• O'Reilly Media

TCP/IP Network Administration, 2nd Edition, is a complete guide to setting up and running a TCP/IP network for administrators of networks of systems or users of home systems that access the Internet. It starts with the fundamentals: what the protocols do and how they work, how addresses and routing are used to move data through the network, and how to set up your network connection.

Beyond basic setup, this new second edition discusses advanced routing protocols (RIPv2, OSPF, and BGP) and the gated software package that implements them. It also provides a tutorial on how to configure important network services, including PPP, SLIP, sendmail, Domain Name Service (DNS), BOOTP and DHCP configuration servers, and some simple setups for NIS and NFS. There are also chapters on troubleshooting and security. In addition, this book is a command and syntax reference for several important packages, including pppd, dip, gated, named, dhcpd, and sendmail.

Contents include:

• Overview of TCP/IP
• Delivering the Data
• Network Services
• Getting Started
• Basic Configuration
• Configuring the Interface
• Configuring Routing
• Configuring DNS Name Service
• Configuring Network Servers
• sendmail
• Troubleshooting TCP/IP
• Network Security
• Internet Information Resources
• Appendixes include: dip, pppd and chat reference; a gated reference; a named reference; a dhcpd reference; and a sendmail reference

Covers Linux, BSD, and System V TCP/IP implementations.

Table of Contents

Preface

1. Overview of TCP/IP
TCP/IP and the Internet
A Data Communications Model
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
Network Access Layer
Internet Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Summary

2. Delivering the Data
Addressing, Routing, and Multiplexing
The IP Address
Internet Routing Architecture
The Routing Table
Address Resolution
Protocols, Ports, and Sockets
Summary

3. Network Services
Names and Addresses
The Host Table
DNS
Mail Services
File and Print Servers
Configuration Servers
Summary

4. Getting Started
Connected and Non-Connected Networks
Basic Information
Planning Routing
Planning Naming Service
Other Services
Informing the Users
Summary

5. Basic Configuration
Kernel Configuration
Startup Files
The Internet Daemon
The Extended Internet Daemon
Summary

6. Configuring the Interface
The ifconfig Command
TCP/IP Over a Serial Line
Installing PPP
Summary

7. Configuring Routing
Common Routing Configurations
The Minimal Routing Table
Building a Static Routing Table
Interior Routing Protocols
Exterior Routing Protocols
Gateway Routing Daemon
Configuring gated
Summary

8. Configuring DNS
BIND: Unix Name Service
Configuring the Resolver
Configuring named
Using nslookup
Summary

9. Local Network Services
The Network File System
Sharing Unix Printers
Using Samba to Share Resources with Windows
Network Information Service
DHCP
Managing Distributed Servers
Post Office Servers
Summary

10. sendmail
sendmail's Function
Running sendmail as a Daemon
sendmail Aliases
The sendmail.cf File
sendmail.cf Configuration Language
Rewriting the Mail Address
Modifying a sendmail.cf File
Testing sendmail.cf
Summary

11. Configuring Apache
Installing Apache Software
Configuring the Apache Server
Understanding an httpd.conf File
Web Server Security
Managing Your Web Server
Summary

12. Network Security
Security Planning
User Authentication
Application Security
Security Monitoring
Access Control
Encryption
Firewalls
Words to the Wise
Summary

13. Troubleshooting TCP/IP
Approaching a Problem
Diagnostic Tools
Testing Basic Connectivity
Troubleshooting Network Access
Checking Routing
Checking Name Service
Analyzing Protocol Problems
Protocol Case Study
Summary

A. PPP Tools

B. A gated Reference

C. A named Reference

D. A dhcpd Reference

E. A sendmail Reference

F. Solaris httpd.conf File

G. RFC Excerpts

Index

Chapter 1: Overview of TCP/IP

All of us who use a UNIX desktop system- engineers, educators, scientists, and business people-have second careers as UNIX system administrators. Networking these computers gives us new tasks as network administrators.

Network administration and system administration are two different jobs. System administration tasks such as adding users and doing backups are isolated to one independent computer system. Not so with network administration. Once you place your computer on a network, it interacts with many other systems. The way you do network administration tasks has effects, good and bad, not only on your system but on other systems on the network. A sound understanding of basic network administration benefits everyone.

Networking computers dramatically enhances their ability to communicate-and most computers are used more for communication than computation. Many mainframes and supercomputers are busy crunching the numbers for business and science, but the number of such systems pales in comparison to the millions of systems busy moving mail to a remote colleague or retrieving information from a remote repository. Further, when you think of the hundreds of millions of desktop systems that are used primarily for preparing documents to communicate ideas from one person to another, it is easy to see why most computers can be viewed as communications devices.

The positive impact of computer communications increases with the number and type of computers that participate in the network. One of the great benefits of TCP/IP is that it provides interoperable communications between all types of hardware and all kinds of operating systems.

This book is a practical, step-by-step guide to configuring and managing TCP/IP networking software on UNIX computer systems. TCP/IP is the software package that dominates UNIX data communications. It is the leading communications software for UNIX local area networks and enterprise intranets, and for the foundation of the worldwide Internet.

The name "TCP/IP" refers to an entire suite of data communications protocols. The suite gets its name from two of the protocols that belong to it: the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol. Although there are many other protocols in the suite, TCP and IP are certainly two of the most important.

The first part of this book discusses the basics of TCP/IP and how it moves data across a network. The second part explains how to configure and run TCP/IP on a UNIX system. Let's start with a little history.

TCP/IP and the Internet

In 1969 the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded a research and development project to create an experimental packet-switching network. This network, called the ARPANET, was built to study techniques for providing robust, reliable, vendor- independent data communications. Many techniques of modern data communications were developed in the ARPANET.

The experimental ARPANET was so successful that many of the organizations attached to it began to use it for daily data communications. In 1975 the ARPANET was converted from an experimental network to an operational network, and the responsibility for administering the network was given to the Defense Communications Agency (DCA). However, development of the ARPANET did not stop just because it was being used as an operational network; the basic TCP/IP protocols were developed after the ARPANET was operational.

The TCP/IP protocols were adopted as Military Standards (MIL STD) in 1983, and all hosts connected to the network were required to convert to the new protocols. To ease this conversion, DARPA funded Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) to implement TCP/IP in Berkeley (BSD) UNIX. Thus began the marriage of UNIX and TCP/IP.

About the time that TCP/IP was adopted as a standard, the term Internet came into common usage. In 1983, the old ARPANET was divided into MILNET, the unclassified part of the Defense Data Network (DDN), and a new, smaller ARPANET. "Internet" was used to refer to the entire network: MILNET plus ARPANET.

In 1985 the National Science Foundation (NSF) created NSFNet and connected it to the then-existing Internet. The original NSFNet linked together the five NSF supercomputer centers. it was smaller than the ARPANET and no faster - 56Kbps. Nonetheless, the creation of the NSFNet was a significant event in the history of the Internet because NSF brought with it a new vision of the use of the Internet. NSF wanted to extend the network to every scientist and engineer in the United States. To accomplish this, in 1987 NSF created a new, faster backbone and a three-tiered network topology that included the backbone, regional networks, and local networks.

In 1990, the ARPANET formally passed out of existence, and the NSFNet ceased its role as a primary Internet backbone network in 1995. Still, today the Internet is larger than ever and encompasses more than 95,000 networks worldwide. This network of networks is linked together in the United States at several major interconnection points:

• The three Network Access Points (NAPs) created by the NSF to ensure continued broad-based access to the Internet.

• The Federal Information Exchanges (FIXs) interconnect U.S. government networks.

• The Commercial Information Exchange (CIX) was the first interconnect specifically for commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

• The Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs) were also created to interconnect commercial ISPs.

The Internet has grown far beyond its original scope. The original networks and agencies that built the Internet no longer play an essential role for the current network. The Internet has evolved from a simple backbone network, through a three-tiered hierarchical structure, to a huge network of interconnected, distributed network hubs. It has grown exponentially since 1983 - doubling in size every year. Through all of this incredible change one thing has remained constant: the Internet is built on the TCP/IP protocol suite.

A sign of the network's success is the confusion that surrounds the term internet. Originally it was used only as the name of the network built upon the Internet Protocol. Now internet is a generic term used to refer to an entire class of networks. An internet (lowercase "i") is any collection of separate physical networks, interconnected by a common protocol, to form a single logical network. The Internet (uppercase "I") is the worldwide collection of interconnected networks, which grew out of the original ARPANET, that uses Internet Protocol (IP) to link the various physical networks into a single logical network. In this book, both "internet" and "Internet" refer to networks that are interconnected by TCP/IP.

Because TCP/IP is required for Internet connection, the growth of the Internet has spurred interest in TCP/IP As more organizations become familiar with TCP/IP they see that its power can be applied in other network applications. The Internet protocols are often used for local area networking, even when the local network is not connected to the Internet. TCP/IP is also widely used to build enterprise networks. TCP/IP-based enterprise networks that use Internet techniques and World Wide Web tools to disseminate internal corporate information are called intranets. TCP/IP is the foundation of all of these varied networks.

TCP/IP Features

The popularity of the TCP/IP protocols did not grow rapidly just because the protocols were there, or because connecting to the Internet mandated their use. They met an important need (worldwide data communication) at the right time, and they had several important features that allowed them to meet this need. These features are:

• Open protocol standards, freely available and developed independently from any specific computer hardware or operating system. Because it is so widely supported, TCP/IP is ideal for uniting different hardware and software, even if you don't communicate over the Internet.

• Independence from specific physical network hardware. This allows TCP/IP to integrate many different kinds of networks. TCP/IP can be run over an Ethernet, a token ring, a dial-up line, an FDDI net, and virtually any other kind of physical transmission medium.

• A common addressing scheme that allows any TCP/IP device to uniquely address any other device in the entire network, even if the network is as large as the worldwide Internet.

• Standardized high-level protocols for consistent, widely available user services.

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Customer Reviews

Customer Reviews: 2     Average Customer Rating:

Jul 31, 2003     sachin from Los Angeles
Excellent Book
This book is so easy to comprehend. I am reading almost a chapter a day without getting stuck at one point. It is a preety good building block too as it starts from the basics of tcpip to setting up name servers etc.

May 14, 2002     Kurt from Toledo, Ohio
Great Update to a great book
This is just an overall great networking book. If you need to understand network concepts in a Unix environment, I can't think of a better book. This new version has a lot of great Linux information in it which is a great and needed addition to the book. Excellent job O'Reilly as usual.

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