Programming in Objective-C 2.0 View Larger Image | Stephen G. Kochan
Addison-Wesley, Paperback, 2nd edition, Estimated Publication Date January 2009, 600 pages, ISBN 0321566157 | List Price: $44.99
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A complete introduction to the Objective-C language for Mac OS X and iPhone
development
Objective-C has become the standard programming language for application development
on the Mac OS X and iPhone platforms. A powerful yet simple object-oriented
programming language that’s based on the C programming language, Objective-C
is widely available not only on OS X but across many operating systems that
support the gcc compiler, including Linux, Unix, and Windows systems.
Programming in Objective-C 2.0 provides the new programmer a complete, step-by-step
introduction to the Objective-C language. The book does not assume previous
experience with either C or object-oriented programming languages, and it includes
many detailed, practical examples of how to put Objective-C to use in your everyday
programming needs.
The second edition of this book has been updated and expanded to cover Objective-C
2.0. It shows not only how to take advantage of the Foundation framework’s
rich built-in library of classes but also how to use the iPhone SDK to develop
programs designed specifically for the iPhone and iPod Touch.
“The best book on any programming language that I’ve ever read. If
you want to learn Objective-C, buy it.”
–Calvin Wolcott
“An excellent resource for a new programmer who wants to learn Objective-C
as their first programming language–a woefully underserved market.”
–Pat Hughes
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
What You Will Learn from This Book 2
How This Book Is Organized 3
Acknowledgments 5
I: The Objective-C 2.0 Language
2 Programming in Objective-C 9
Compiling and Running Programs 9
Using Xcode 10
Using Terminal 16
Explanation of Your First Program 18
Displaying the Values of Variables 22
Summary 25
Exercises 25
3 Classes, Objects, and Methods 27
What Is an Object, Anyway? 27
Instances and Methods 28
An Objective-C Class for Working with Fractions 30
The @interface Section 33
Choosing Names 33
Instance Variables 35
Class and Instance Methods 35
The @implementation Section 37
The program Section 38
Accessing Instance Variables and Data Encapsulation 44
Summary 47
Exercises 47
4 Data Types and Expressions 49
Data Types and Constants 49
Type int 49
Type float 51
Type double 51
Type char 51
Qualifiers: long, long long, 53
Type id 55
Arithmetic Expressions 56
Operator Precedence 56
Integer Arithmetic and the Unary Minus Operator 58
The Modulus Operator 60
Integer and Floating-Point Conversions 62
The Type Cast Operator 63
Assignment Operators 64
A Calculator Class 65
Bit Operators 67
The Bitwise AND Operator 68
The Bitwise Inclusive-OR Operator 69
The Bitwise Exclusive-OR Operator 69
The Ones Complement Operator 70
The Left Shift Operator 71
The Right Shift Operator 72
Types: _Bool, _Complex, and 73
Exercises 73
5 Program Looping 77
The for Statement 78
Keyboard Input 84
Nested for Loops 86
for Loop Variants 88
The while Statement 89
The do Statement 94
The break Statement 95
The continue Statement 96
Summary 96
Exercises 96
6 Making Decisions 99
The if Statement 99
The if-else Construct 104
Compound Relational Tests 106
Nested if Statements 109
The else if Construct 111
The switch Statement 120
Boolean Variables 123
The Conditional Operator 128
Exercises 129
7 More on Classes 133
Separate Interface and Implementation Files 133
Synthesized Accessor Methods 139
Accessing Properties Using the Dot Operator 140
Multiple Arguments to Methods 141
Methods Without Argument Names 143
Operations on Fractions 144
Local Variables 146
Method Arguments 147
The static Keyword 147
The self Keyword 149
Allocating and Returning Objects from Methods 150
Extending Class Definitions and the Interface File 155
Exercises 156
8 Inheritance 157
It All Begins at the Root 157
Finding the Right Method 161
Extension Through Inheritance: Adding New Methods 162
A Point Class and Memory Allocation 166
The @class Directive 167
Classes Owning Their Objects 171
Overriding Methods 175
Which Method Is Selected? 177
Overriding the dealloc Method and the Keyword super 179
Extension Through Inheritance: Adding New Instance Variables 181
Abstract Classes 183
Exercises 184
9 Polymorphism, Dynamic Typing, and Dynamic Binding 187
Polymorphism: Same Name, Different Class 187
Dynamic Binding and the id Type 191
Compile Time Versus Runtime Checking 193
The id Data Type and Static Typing 194
Argument and Return Types with Dynamic Typing 195
Asking Questions About Classes 195
Exception Handling Using @try 200
Exercises 203
10 More on Variables and Data Types 205
Initializing Classes 205
Scope Revisited 207
Directives for Controlling Instance Variable Scope 208
External Variables 209
Static Variables 211
Storage Class Specifiers 213
auto 213
const 214
volatile 214
Enumerated Data Types 215
The typedef Statement 218
Data Type Conversions 220
Conversion Rules 220
Sign Extension 221
Exercises 222
11 Categories and Protocols 225
Categories 225
Some Notes About Categories 230
Protocols 231
Informal Protocols 234
Composite Objects 235
Exercises 236
12 The Preprocessor 239
The #define Statement 239
More Advanced Types of Definitions 241
The # Operator 246
The ## Operator 247
The #import Statement 248
Conditional Compilation 250
The #ifdef, #endif, #else 250
The #if and #elif Preprocessor Statements 252
The #undef Statement 253
Exercises 253
13 Underlying C Language Features 255
Arrays 256
Initializing Array Elements 258
Character Arrays 259
Multidimensional Arrays 260
Functions 262
Arguments and Local Variables 263
Returning Function Results 265
Functions, Methods, and Arrays 268
Structures 271
Initializing Structures 277
Arrays of Structures 278
Structures Within Structures 278
Additional Details About Structures 280
Don’t Forget About Object-Oriented Programming! 282
Pointers 283
Pointers and Structures 287
Pointers, Methods, and Functions 288
Pointers and Arrays 290
Operations on Pointers 300
Pointers and Memory Addresses 301
Unions 302
They’re Not Objects! 305
Miscellaneous Language Features 305
Compound Literals 305
The goto Statement 306
The null Statement 306
The Comma Operator 306
The sizeof Operator 307
Command-Line Arguments 308
How Things Work 310
Fact #1: Instance Variables are Stored in Structures 310
Fact #2: An Object Variable is Really a Pointer 311
Fact #3: Methods are Functions, and Message Expressions are Function Calls
311
Fact #4: The id Type is a Generic Pointer Type 311
Exercises 312
II: The Foundation Framework
14 Introduction to the Foundation Framework 317
Foundation Documentation 317
15 Numbers, Strings, and Collections 321
Number Objects 322
A Quick Look at the Autorelease Pool 323
String Objects 326
More on the NSLog Function 327
Mutable Versus Immutable Objects 328
Mutable Strings 333
Where Are All Those Objects Going? 338
Array Objects 341
Making an Address Book 345
Synthesized AddressCard Methods 349
Fast Enumeration 354
Sorting Arrays 362
Dictionary Objects 367
Enumerating a Dictionary 368
Set Objects 370
Exercises 375
16 Working with Files 377
Managing Files and Directories: NSFileManager 378
Working with the NSData Class 383
Working with Directories 384
Enumerating the Contents of a Directory 387
Working with Paths: NSPathUtilities.h 389
Common Methods for Working with Paths 392
Copying Files and Using the NSProcessInfo Class 393
Basic File Operations: NSFileHandle 397
Exercises 402
17 Memory Management 405
The Autorelease Pool 405
Reference Counting 406
Reference Counting and Strings 409
Reference Counting and Instance Variables 411
An Autorelease Example 418
Summary of Memory-Management Rules 419
Garbage Collection 420
Exercises 422
18 Copying Objects 423
The copy and mutablecopy Methods 424
Shallow Versus Deep Copying 426
Implementing the <NSCopying> Protocol 429
Copying Objects in Setter and Getter Methods 432
Exercises 434
19 Archiving 435
Archiving with XML Property Lists 435
Archiving with NSKeyedArchiver 437
Writing Encoding and Decoding Methods 440
Using NSData to Create Custom Archives 447
Using the Archiver to Copy Objects 450
Exercises 452
III: Cocoa and the iPhone SDK
20 Introduction to Cocoa 455
Framework Layers 455
Cocoa Touch 456
21 Writing iPhone Applications 459
The iPhone SDK 459
Your First iPhone Application 459
Creating a New iPhone Application Project 461
Entering Your Code 463
Designing the Interface 467
An iPhone Fraction Calculator 476
Starting the New Fraction_Calculator Project 478
Defining the View Controller 480
The Fraction Class 485
A Calculator Class That Deals with Fractions 488
Designing the UI 490
Summary 491
Exercises 492
IV: Appendixes
A Glossary 497
B Objective-C 2.0 Language Summary 505
C Address Book Source Code 569
D Resources 575
About the Author
Stephen G. Kochan is author or coauthor of several bestselling books on the
C language, including Programming in C, Programming in ANSI C, and Topics in
C Programming. He has written extensively on Unix and is author of Exploring
the Unix System and Unix Shell Programming. Kochan has been programming Macintosh
computers since the introduction of the first Mac in 1984 and wrote Programming
C for the Mac for the Apple Press Library as well as Beginning AppleScript (Wrox).
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