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BGP4 Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet View Larger Image | John W. Stewart III
Addison-Wesley, Paperback, Published December 1998, 137 pages, ISBN 0201379511 | List Price: $22.99
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BGP4 (Border Gateway Protocol version 4) is the de facto standard inter-domain routing protocol deployed in the Internet today. As the means by which Internet destinations are communicated between subscribers and service providers, BGP4 provides a critical function for Internet operations. Whether you are associated with an Internet service provider or are a system administrator at an organization whose business depends heavily on the Internet, a background in BGP4 is essential.
BGP4: Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet provides a practical introduction to the TCP/IP protocol suite and to routing in general. This concise guide describes the BGP protocol in clear terms and explains messages and rules for processing information through the protocol. In addition to illustrating low-level details of the protocol, the author examines the conceptual way that BGP works in practical networks, the way that BGP4 interacts with other parts of a network, and other details important to its operation. This book also covers the many extensions that have been made to the original specification to increase the protocols' usability and scope of operation.
Specifically, you will find coverage of such key topics as:
- IP base protocol, including the packet formats, addressing and routing, and other protocol rules
- Autonomous systems and the distinction between IGPs and EGPs
- Distance Vector versus Link State Routing Protocols
- CIDR and how it relates to BGP4
- Operational details essential to using BGP
- BGP message types, path attributes, and the route selection process
- Singly homed and multihomed subscribers
- BGP interaction with IGP
- Internal BGP scaling
- TCP MD5 authentication
- Other extensions to the protocol
In addition, this book offers a revealing look into how large ISPs work with BGP4, including a discussion on aggregation, filtering transit customers, and public interconnect points. Numerous real-world examples throughout the book demonstrate concepts and implementation techniques.
Contents
Preface xi
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 A Brief IP Primer 2
1.2 Notes on Terminology 9
1.3 IP Addressing and the Need for Routing 12
1.4 Autonomous Systems and the Distinction
Between IGPs and EGPs 17
1.5 Distance Vector Versus Link State Routing
Protocols 19
1.5.1 Distance Vector Protocols 19
1.5.2 Link State Protocols 22
1.6 Classless Inter-Domain Routing 24
1.7 Setting the Tone for Understanding BGP 29
Chapter 2: The BGP Protocol 31
2.1 Bringing Up a BGP Session 31
2.2 The BGP Message Types 33
2.2.1 Common Header 33
2.2.2 OPEN 34
2.2.3 UPDATE 36
2.2.4 NOTIFICATION 40
2.2.5 KEEPALIVE 43
2.3 Conceptual Model of Operation 43
2.4 Base Standard Path Attributes 44
2.4.1 ORIGIN 44
2.4.2 AS-PATH 45
2.4.3 NEXT-HOP 47
2.4.4 MULTI-EXIT-DISCRIMINATOR 48
2.4.5 LOCAL-PREF 50
2.4.6 ATOMIC-AGGREGATE 52
2.4.7 AGGREGATOR 52
2.5 Internal Versus External BGP 53
2.6 BGP Route Selection Process 57
Chapter 3: BGP Operations 59
3.1 IGP Interaction 60
3.2 Routing Policy and Transit Versus Nontransit 65
3.3 Notes About Practice 67
3.4 A Singly Homed Subscriber 68
3.5 A Multihomed Subscriber 70
3.5.1 Multihoming to a Single Provider 73
3.5.2 Multihoming to More Than One Provider 80
3.6 A View into Providers’ Use of BGP 84
3.6.1 Aggregation 84
3.6.2 Filtering Transit Customers 85
3.6.3 Public Interconnect Points 86
Chapter 4: BGP Extensions 88
4.1 Internal BGP Scaling 89
4.1.1 Route Reflection 91
4.1.2 AS Confederations 94
4.2 Route Flap Dampening 96
4.3 BGP Communities 99
4.3.1 Protocol Details of the Community
Attribute 102
4.3.2 Example Use of the Community
Attribute: Enforcing Transit Policy 102
4.3.3 Well-Known Community Values 103
4.3.4 Example Use of the Community
Attribute: Automatic Backup Routes 106
4.4 TCP MD5 Authentication 108
4.5 Multiprotocol 109
4.5.1 MP-REACH-NLRI 110
4.5.2 MP-UNREACH-NLRI 113
4.6 Capabilities Negotiation 114
Appendix A: Resources 117
A.1 Internet Standards Process and Documents 117
A.2 TCP/IP 119
A.3 General Routing 120
A.4 BGP 121
Glossary 124
Index 131
Customer Reviews
Customer Reviews: 2 Average Customer Rating: May 5, 2002 Jay Etchings (jay.etchings@lvcm.com) from Las Vegas NV
A quick study!
If you seek a vendor neutral top down look at BGP, this is the book for you. Offering a somewhat clean look at internet routing and BGP4 this book is a quick read at less than 300 pages. John Stewart III explains complex concepts in terms the novice can grasp without losing the seasoned network administrator.
This pocket book is great add on for CCNP routing, CCIE R&S or just to have in your pocket.
Regards
Apr 9, 2001  Wayne F. Tackabury (wayne@goldwiretech.com) from West Tisbury, MA, USA
Concise, effective, suprisingly thorough
This little book gives you a lot more out of a few hours of going through it than you'll get out of the BGP RFC's, especially if you're at all new to the subject matter. Stewart has a ton of experience, both in the standard groups and in the Juniper BGP implementation, so there's a real feel of getting to the meat of the matter here.
In addition to going over packet formats, BGP update protocol exchanges, and the rest of what you'd expect, he gives significant treatment to such advanced topics as multi-exit discriminators, route reflectors, confederations, and communities. The discussion on communities and multi-address options could use some updating, but that's because this was written in 1998 prior to some of the modern applications of those techniques (e.g., VPN's). Issues of management and scalable design are also omitted, but Stewart only has 200 pp. to work with here, and uses them very effectively.
In our facility, when an engineer asks me "how do I learn about BGP?", this is the book I point them at.
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