Understanding the Linux Virtual Memory Manager View Larger Image | Mel Gorman
Prentice Hall, Paperback, Bk&CD edition, Published April 2004, 727 pages, ISBN 0131453483 | List Price: $59.99
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Finally, a comprehensive guide to the Linux VM!
VM's behavior affects every Linux kernel subsystem and dramatically impacts
overall performance. But until now, there was only one way to understand VM:
study the poorly documented source one line at a time. Now there's an easier,
faster alternative. This book describes VM in unprecedented detail, presenting
both theoretical foundations and a line-by-line source code commentary. It systematically
covers everything from physical memory description to out-of-memory management.
Coverage includes:
- Linux VM 2.4 architecture in depth-with diagrams and call graphs
- Physical memory description, page tables, address spaces, and memory allocation
- High memory, swapping, shared memory, and much more
- Expert guidance for analyzing the code of any open source project
- New Linux 2.6 kernel features in every chapter
Well organized and superbly written, Understanding the Linux Virtual
Memory Manager will be indispensable to every kernel programmer and researcher.
CD-ROM INCLUDED
Complete VM Learning Lab! Contains the author's new toolkit for exploring VM,
including a browsable version of kernel source, CodeViz call graph generator;
and VMRegress for analyzing and benchmarking VM. Also includes all code commentary
in HTML, PDF, and plain text formats.
Table of Contents
Preface.
1. Introduction.
Getting Started. Managing the Source. Browsing
the Code. Reading the Code. Submitting Patches.
2. Describing Physical Memory.
Nodes. Zones. Zone Initialization. Initializing
mem map. Pages. Mapping Pages to Zones. High Memory. What's New in 2.6.
3. Page Table Management.
Describing the Page Directory. Describing a Page
Table Entry. Using Page Table Entries. Translating and Setting Page Table Entries.
Allocating and Freeing Page Tables. Kernel Page Tables. Mapping Addresses to
a struct page. Translation Lookaside Bu.er (TLB). Level 1 CPU Cache Management.
What's New in 2.6.
4. Process Address Space.
Linear Address Space. Managing the Address Space.
Process Address Space Descriptor. Memory Regions. Exception Handling. Page Faulting.
Copying to/from Userspace. What's New in 2.6.
5. Boot Memory Allocator.
Representing the Boot Map. Initializing the Boot
Memory Allocator. Initializing bootmem data. Allocating Memory. Freeing Memory.
Retiring the Boot Memory Allocator. What's New in 2.6.
6. Physical Page Allocation.
Managing Free Blocks. Allocating Pages. Free
Pages. Get Free Page (GFP) Flags. Process Flags. Avoiding Fragmentation. What's
New in 2.6.
7. Noncontiguous Memory Allocation.
Describing Virtual Memory Areas. Allocating a
Noncontiguous Area. Freeing a Noncontiguous Area. What's New in 2.6.
8. Slab Allocator.
Caches. Slabs. Objects. Sizes Cache. Per-CPU
Object Cache. Slab Allocator Initialization. Interfacing With the Buddy Allocator.
What's New in 2.6.
9. High Memory Management.
Managing the PKMap Address Space. Mapping High
Memory Pages. Unmapping Pages. Mapping High Memory Pages Atomically. Bounce
Bu.ers. Emergency Pools. What's New in 2.6.
10. Page Frame Reclamation.
Page Replacement Policy. Page Cache. LRU Lists.
Shrinking All Caches. Swapping Out Process Pages. Pageout Daemon (kswapd). What's
New in 2.6.
11. Swap Management.
Describing the Swap Area. Mapping Page Table
Entries to Swap Entries. Allocating a Swap Slot. Swap Cache. Reading Pages From
Backing Storage. Writing Pages to Backing Storage. Reading/Writing Swap Area
Blocks. Activating a Swap Area. Deactivating a Swap Area. What's New in 2.6.
12. Shared Memory Virtual Filesystem.
Initializing the Virtual Filesystem. Using shmem
Functions. Creating Files in tmpfs. Page Faulting Within a Virtual File. File
Operations in tmpfs. Inode Operations in tmpfs. Setting Up Shared Regions. System
V IPC. What's New in 2.6.
13. Out Of Memory Management.
Checking Available Memory. Determining OOM Status.
Selecting a Process. Killing the Selected Process. Is That It? What's New in
2.6.
14. The Final Word.
Appendices.
A. Introduction.
B. Describing Physical Memory.
Initializing Zones. Page Operations.
C. Page Table Management.
Page Table Initialization. Page Table Walking.
D. Process Address Space.
Process Memory Descriptors. Creating Memory Regions.
Searching Memory Regions. Locking and Unlocking Memory Regions. Page Faulting.
Page-Related Disk I/O.
E. Boot Memory Allocator.
Initializing the Boot Memory Allocator. Allocating
Memory. Freeing Memory. Retiring the Boot Memory Allocator.
F. Physical Page Allocation.
Allocating Pages. Allocation Helper Functions.
Free Pages. Free Helper Functions.
G. Noncontiguous Memory Allocation.
Allocating a Noncontiguous Area. Freeing a Noncontiguous
Area.
H. Slab Allocator.
Cache Manipulation. Slabs. Objects. Sizes Cache.
Per-CPU Object Cache. Slab Allocator Initialization. Interfacing with the Buddy
Allocator.
I. High Memory Mangement.
Mapping High Memory Pages. Mapping High Memory
Pages Atomically. Unmapping Pages. Unmapping High Memory Pages Atomically. Bounce
Bu.ers. Emergency Pools.
J. Page Frame Reclamation.
Page Cache Operations. LRU List Operations. Re.lling
inactive list. Reclaiming Pages From the LRU Lists. Shrinking All Caches. Swapping
Out Process Pages. Page Swap Daemon.
K. Swap Management.
Scanning for Free Entries. Swap Cache. Swap Area
I/O. Activating a Swap Area. Deactivating a Swap Area.
L. Shared Memory Virtual Filesystem.
Initializing shmfs. Creating Files in tmpfs.
File Operations in tmpfs. Inode Operations in tmpfs. Page Faulting Within a
Virtual File. Swap Space Interaction. Setting Up Shared Regions. System V IPC.
M. Out Of Memory Management.
Determining Available Memory. Detecting and Recovering
From OOM.
References.
Index.
About the Author
MEL GORMAN specializes in documenting open source software. He holds a MSc
in Computer Science from the University of Limerick, Ireland, and has served
as an instructor there. He has worked as a system administrator, applications
developer, and consultant, and has been researching Linux memory management
for more than two years. Currently he is an applications developer with J2EE
technologies at IBM, Dublin.
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